Artificial nail products rely on chemicals called methacrylates. The exam asks about their risks to clients and to nail technicians.
Sensitization
The FDA notes that traces of methacrylate monomer can cause redness, swelling and pain in the nail bed in people who have become sensitive. Once sensitized, a person reacts on every later exposure, and reactions often get worse. That applies to nail technicians handling the products every day, as well as to clients.
Methyl methacrylate (MMA)
Liquid MMA bonds poorly to the natural nail without heavy filing, which can damage the nail plate and nail bed. The FDA removed 100% MMA products after injury complaints, and some states, such as Colorado, ban MMA outright.
Primers
Methacrylic acid (MAA) nail primers are sold mostly through wholesale suppliers to salons and beauty supply stores, and are usually labeled "For Professional Use Only." Because of poisoning and injury cases, the Consumer Product Safety Commission requires child-resistant packaging for certain household products, including nail primers containing MAA.
Removers
Artificial nail removers are mainly acetonitrile. OSHA lists its effects as an irritated nose and throat, breathing problems, nausea and vomiting.
Protecting yourself
- Work with good ventilation, the best way to lower chemical levels.
- Use nitrile gloves, which protect against many nail chemicals.
- Wear a NIOSH-approved dust mask, such as an N95, when filing or shaping enhancements. It stops dust but not vapors.
- The EPA advises giving services only on healthy nails.